Phishing emails always have a suspicious link or file attached to them.
A good way to check if a link has a virus is to use VirusTotal, a website that checks files or links for malware.
Example of phishing email:

In the example, Google points out that the email can be potentially dangerous.
It recognizes that its content matches with other similar phishing emails.
If an email meets most of the criteria above, then it’s recommended to report it to reportphishing@apwg.org or phishing-report@us-cert.gov so that it gets blocked.
If you are using Gmail there is an option to report the email for phishing.